01 - Preheat oven to 425°F. Line a rimmed baking sheet with parchment paper or coat lightly with olive oil.
02 - Place trimmed asparagus spears in a single layer on the prepared baking sheet, ensuring they do not overlap for even roasting.
03 - Drizzle olive oil evenly over the asparagus. Sprinkle with kosher salt and black pepper. Use tongs to toss gently until all spears are lightly coated.
04 - Transfer baking sheet to the preheated oven. Roast for 12-15 minutes until asparagus is tender-crisp and tips are lightly golden brown.
05 - Remove from oven while hot. Immediately sprinkle freshly grated Parmesan cheese and lemon zest over the roasted spears. The heat will slightly melt the cheese.
06 - Squeeze fresh lemon juice over the seasoned asparagus just before serving. Serve immediately while warm for optimal flavor and texture.